Part I General Discussion: Conventional and
Novel Drying Concepts 1
۱ Need for Advanced Drying Technologies …………………………………….. 3
۱٫۱ Why New Drying Technologies? ……………………………………………. 3
۱٫۲
۱٫۳ Multistage Dryers …………………………………………………………………… 7
References ………………………………………………………………………………………. 9
۲
versus Novel Technologies ………………………………………………………….. 11
References …………………………………………………………………………………….. 17
۳ Innovation and Trends in Drying Technologies …………………………. 19
۳٫۱ Introduction ………………………………………………………………………….. 19
۳٫۲ Innovation: Types and Common Features…………………………….. 19
۳٫۳ Development of Improved Drying Technologies ………………….. 23
۳٫۴ Trends in Drying Research and Development………………………. 24
References …………………………………………………………………………………….. 26
Part II Selected Advanced Drying Technologies 27
۴ Drying on Inert Particles …………………………………………………………….. 29
۴٫۱ Introduction ………………………………………………………………………….. 29
۴٫۲ Drying Mechanism and Process Considerations ………………….. 29
۴٫۳ Modeling and Scale-Up ………………………………………………………… 38
۴٫۴ Selected Dryers with Inert Particles ……………………………………… 42
References …………………………………………………………………………………….. 51
۵ Impinging Stream Drying …………………………………………………………… 55
۵٫۱ Basic Features ……………………………………………………………………….. 55
Part V Other Techniques 425
۳۴ Special Drying Technologies …………………………………………………….. 427
۳۴٫۱ Drying by Alternating High- and Low-Pressure
Operations …………………………………………………………………………. 427
۳۴٫۲ Through-Air Rotary Dryer ………………………………………………… 429
۳۴٫۳ Drying with Bed Mixing ……………………………………………………. 434
۳۴٫۴ Drying at Ambient Air Temperature …………………………………. 438
۳۴٫۵ Vacuum-Superheated Steam Drying and Granulation ………. 441
۳۴٫۶ Drying in Rotating-Jet Spouted Bed …………………………………… 445
۳۴٫۷ Drying with Sol–Gel Transformations…………………………………. 448
۳۴٫۸ Supercritical Fluid Technology to Produce Dry Particles…… 452
References …………………………………………………………………………………… 453
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